http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/subject/unix The Funky Knowledge Base at songhaysystem.com. The subject of this channel is Linux/Unix Issues. Tue, 02 Dec 2008 20:59:40 GMT http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076072074/subject/unix Article Excerpt: You’ve probably seen one of these commands. Ubuntu users have seen more of sudo, while SUSE, Fedora, and Debian have used su more often. What exactly is the difference? Both of the commands enable you to gain root access. The major difference is in how … Tue, 02 Dec 2008 20:59:40 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076072024/subject/unix Article Excerpt: By default, the root account password is locked in Ubuntu. This means that you cannot login as root directly or use the su command to become the root user. However, since the root account physically exists it is still possible to run programs with root-le… Tue, 02 Sep 2008 03:34:19 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076072014/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a loadable kernel module for Unix-like computer operating systems, that allows non-privileged users to create their own file systems without editing the kernel code. This is achieved by running the file system code in use… Wed, 27 Aug 2008 23:17:47 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071963/subject/unix Article Excerpt: “Telling what version of Ubuntu you are running is extremely easy. You would commonly use this command to figure out if you are running Edgy after you upgraded from Dapper.” cat /etc/issue From: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/ … Wed, 30 Jul 2008 05:05:23 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071983/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Unison is ‘based’ on rsync. This is important for me to understand as I previously assumed that Unison provided another sub-file differencing algorithm that makes rsync so fast and powerful. This is not the case. One best summary of the reason why Un… Mon, 14 Jul 2008 16:37:05 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071982/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Consider three files each containing one word: 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt This cat command, cat *.txt, produces the following output: One Two Three where each word is the one word in the three text files, respectively. Now we need to st… Sat, 05 Jul 2008 02:03:54 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071980/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Use the groups command: groups <username> “If you don't enter a username, it defaults to your own username.” Note that some “special” groups are numeric like 1001. Thu, 03 Jul 2008 20:09:42 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071978/subject/unix Article Excerpt: To add a user, use the useradd command or the adduser command: sudo useradd -d /home/testuser -m testuser sudo passwd testuser “The adduser command is even easier than the useradd command, because it prompts you for each piece of information.… Thu, 03 Jul 2008 19:54:18 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071965/subject/unix Article Excerpt: For a first-time compilation, these package commands should be run: sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` where uname -r returns 2.6.15-52-386 (as of this writing) so we can also use: sudo apt-g… Sat, 21 Jun 2008 05:57:45 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071964/subject/unix Article Excerpt: “The useradd command will let you add a new user easily from the command line:” useradd <username> “The adduser command is even easier than the useradd command, because it prompts you for each piece of information.” adduser <username> … Thu, 12 Jun 2008 02:31:09 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071962/subject/unix Article Excerpt: An attempt was made to mount a cygwin drive with sshfs and fuse. It did NOT work. Following the article “How to Mount a Remote Folder using SSH on Ubuntu” here: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/ how-to-mount-a-remote-folder-using-ssh… Thu, 12 Jun 2008 02:24:13 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071959/subject/unix Article Excerpt: From http://www.keyxl.com/aaab462/105/VIM-Text-Editor-keyboard-shortcuts.htm Insert: i Inserts text to the left of the cursor. I Inserts text at the beginning of the line, no matter where the cursor is positioned on the current line. Append: … Tue, 10 Jun 2008 22:54:17 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071961/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Ctrl + A: Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on Ctrl + E: Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on Ctrl + L: Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command Ctrl + U: Clears the line before the cursor position. If you… Tue, 10 Jun 2008 23:04:03 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071946/subject/unix Article Excerpt: This is the command: sudo apt-get install php5-cli Test the installation by running this: php -v For more information, read the man page: man php Or you can see this: http://man.linuxquestions.org/index.php? section=0&type=2… Thu, 20 Mar 2008 05:24:55 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071941/subject/unix Article Excerpt: #!/bin/bash echo "Removing any existing symbolic links..." rm /opt/lampp/htdocs/dev_* for folder in `find ~/webRoot/ -name 'dev_*' -type d` do echo "Linking to $folder..." ln -s $folder /opt/lampp/htdocs/`basename $folder` done exit 0 Thu, 21 Feb 2008 22:46:10 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071940/subject/unix Article Excerpt: The relevant documentation is here: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-linux.html Stop any previous running version of XAMPP with this: sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop It may be a best practice to uninstall any previous version of XAMPP for a �… Thu, 21 Feb 2008 22:41:05 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071936/subject/unix Article Excerpt: #!/bin/bash file=$2 month=$1 year=`date +%Y` echo "Searching $file for days in $month..." for day in {1..31} do query=$(printf "\[%02d/%s/%s" $day $month $year) outfile=$(printf "out_%s_%s_%02d.gz" $year $month $day) count=$(zgrep -c "$quer… Wed, 02 Jan 2008 19:59:34 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071930/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Installing VMware Tools from the Command Line with the Tar Installer The first steps are performed on the host, within Workstation menus: 1. Power on the virtual machine. 2. After the guest operating system has started, prepare your virtual machine to … Fri, 28 Dec 2007 18:35:53 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071931/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Oss The main repository, open source software only. Version: 10.3 http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/10.3/repo/oss/ Version: 10.2 http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/10.2/repo/oss/ Version: 10.1 http://download.opensuse.org/di… Fri, 28 Dec 2007 18:38:32 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071908/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Save and close all open applications. Use the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace shortcut keys to restart GNOME. If Ctrl-Alt-Backspace is disabled, type sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart Source: http://linux.about.com/od/ubuntu_doc/a/ubudg10t18.htm Mon, 29 Oct 2007 20:33:49 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071901/subject/unix Article Excerpt: To unpack a standard .tar file, use this command (from the target directory): tar -xvf [filename] options: x: decompress something t: view contents v: verbose mode f: input from a file For more information, see http://wiki.li… Thu, 11 Oct 2007 23:36:00 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071900/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Solution: edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file to comment out any CD-ROM references. Thu, 11 Oct 2007 23:02:53 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071767/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Ubuntu, by default, is configured for DHCP. You can verify this by examining some configuration files related to networking: less /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf less /etc/network/interfaces In the default interfaces file, edit the last lines thusly: … Thu, 11 Oct 2007 22:42:31 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071899/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Edit this file: /etc/hostname Then run this command: /etc/init.d/hostname.sh start Verify that the name is changed with some of these commands: uname -n hostname -a hostname -s hostname -d hostname -f hostname For mor… Mon, 08 Oct 2007 23:35:47 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071894/subject/unix Article Excerpt: A person named Thomas O. in http://www.groupsrv.com/linux/post-755906.html answers this question with this: “Resize the window to your liking and then right-click the titlebar and in the menu that comes up choose Advanced > Special Window Setting.” … Mon, 08 Oct 2007 22:50:16 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071880/subject/unix Article Excerpt: To switch the case of one or more characters use these commands: ~ , gU or gu Examples: Switch case of character under cursor (in visual-mode: switch case of highlighted text): ~ Switch case of next three characters: 3~ Switc… Sat, 08 Sep 2007 02:57:02 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071879/subject/unix Article Excerpt: From VimTip 40: The r[ead] command can be used to insert the contents of a file or the output of a command. This is cool! An example that lists the contents of the present working directory below the cursor: :r !ls -al This variation inserts above t… Sat, 08 Sep 2007 02:46:14 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071881/subject/unix Article Excerpt: To get a list of currently defined digraphs type: :dig[graphs] This is a great way to browse the available “character map” that shows decimal values for glyphs as well. Sat, 08 Sep 2007 03:21:17 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071878/subject/unix Article Excerpt: You can start with this command: :help gui-init This will load gui.txt, which should reveal a portion called “Recommended place for your personal GUI initializations”—this will lead to this file: $HOME/.gvimrc Here is a sample .gvimrc fi… Sat, 08 Sep 2007 02:30:51 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071826/subject/unix Article Excerpt: The pre-compiled version(s) of VMware Tools does not work with Ubuntu running a kernel newer than 2.6.15-27-386. Note that this problem persists in VMware Workstation 5.5.4. The quick and dirty solution to this problem is use GRUB to select the "old" ker… Mon, 07 May 2007 23:58:12 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071817/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Edit the hostname file: sudo nano /etc/hostname Persist the hostname: sudo /etc/init.d/hostname.sh start Thu, 19 Apr 2007 22:31:46 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071795/subject/unix Article Excerpt: This is the command to use to step through an automated process when installing a new monitor: sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg A new flat panel monitor has a preferred resolution so this setting should be used. Also there should be an option to u… Thu, 08 Mar 2007 00:34:57 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071786/subject/unix Article Excerpt: From Timothy Haroutunian, Armenian Eagle: diff -Bbrq folder folder2 -B = Ignore changes that just insert or delete blank lines. -b = Ignore changes in amount of white space. -r = When comparing directories, recursively compare any subdirectories found. … Sat, 03 Feb 2007 00:22:19 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071769/subject/unix Article Excerpt: This is the command summary for installing Tomcat on Ubuntu Linux: sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk sudo apt-get install apache2 sudo apt-get install tomcat5 sudo apt-get install tomcat5-admin Point Ubuntu to the newly installed Java J… Thu, 12 Oct 2006 19:02:00 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071761/subject/unix Article Excerpt: This procedure is best for the server version of Ubuntu: Edit /etc/apt/sources.list Change the keyword "breezy" to "dapper". Comment out any lines starting with "deb cdrom" with the pound sign (#). sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade F… Thu, 28 Sep 2006 19:21:16 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071766/subject/unix Article Excerpt: LinuxQuestions.org has an excellent summary of the Linux command line here: http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Commands When you, say, start MySQL from the command line from PuTTY you may quickly discover that you need to learn how to run commands … Thu, 28 Sep 2006 19:09:25 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071762/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Allocating 48MB of RAM for an Ubuntu Server VM running a LAMP image is reasonable. 96MB seems more than enough for a single-user development environment. The VM hard drive image should be about 1GB. The foremost issue is getting the console display to ap… Thu, 28 Sep 2006 20:08:05 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071765/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Remove the MySQL daemon from startup with the Debian Runlevel configuration tool, rcconf. More details about this tool is here: http://packages.debian.org/stable/admin/rcconf Install the tool with APT: sudo apt-get install rcconf Then run the … Thu, 28 Sep 2006 05:52:49 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071763/subject/unix Article Excerpt: The detailed documentation for this procedure is here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ApacheMySQLPHP Our summary is this: sudo apt-get install apache2 sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo apt-get install php5 sudo apt-get install mysql-ser… Wed, 27 Sep 2006 19:04:21 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071764/subject/unix Article Excerpt: When bind-address in my.cnf is set to a value other than 127.0.0.1 MySQL will receive remote connections. However, this error (1045) implies that you are using a user name that is not mysql.user table: Access denied for user foo@192.168.254.64 Now … Tue, 26 Sep 2006 06:45:21 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071760/subject/unix Article Excerpt: /var/log/syslog - general system log /var/log/auth.log - system authentication logs /var/log/mail.log - system mail logs /var/log/messages - general log messages /var/log/dmesg - kernel ring buffer messages, usually since system bootup For more informati… Sat, 23 Sep 2006 03:51:27 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071759/subject/unix Article Excerpt: "Iptables is a firewall, installed by default on the Ubuntu Server." https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo For more information, see "Netfilter/iptables": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iptables Sat, 23 Sep 2006 03:46:17 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/2076071719/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Alexey Fadyushin of the redhat.com list archives writes: "The correct way to clear history is to use 'history -c' because this will clear all history, including commands used in the session from which the command 'history -c' is given." This is not as fo… Tue, 01 Nov 2005 22:38:56 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/907947826/subject/unix Article Excerpt: When running an X-Window application from a command prompt the GUI never shows and the following message is returned: Xlib: connection to "<name>:0.0" refused by server Xlib: Client is not authorized to connect to Server Error: Can't open dis… Thu, 14 Jan 1999 03:14:29 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/906760910/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Common DOS commands translated back to UNIX: cd ---exactly like cd clear ---exactly like cls cp ---very much like copy ls -al; df -k | more ---kind of like dir /p mv ---very much like move uname -sr ---kind of like ver Other Unix commands I really… Fri, 08 Jan 1999 07:10:06 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/-197838901/subject/unix Article Excerpt: Netscape Navigator cannot share the default colormap with other X applications as it uses so many colors. This problem shows up when running Navigator and other windowing applications at the same time: when shifting focus from one window to another the wi… Fri, 09 Oct 1998 16:20:50 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/1657433851/subject/unix Article Excerpt: To set the message of the day, edit the text file /etc/motd. Tue, 06 Oct 1998 19:58:09 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/907702562/subject/unix Article Excerpt: The admintool failed to start returning a segmentation fault (and dumping its core) when I edited passwd and shadow by hand. To recover from this blunder (DO NOT edit these files by hand!), I ran pwconv to create and update /etc/shadow with data from /etc… Tue, 06 Oct 1998 19:47:28 GMT Bryan Wilhite http://www.songhaysystem.com/kb/number/907692390/subject/unix Article Excerpt: It seems that locking the CDE while logged in as root (or equivalent) prevents unlocking the CDE. I have had to use Stop A to restart the system (which is not a good idea). One work-around is to login as a user and then "su" to a super-user shell. When th… Tue, 06 Oct 1998 20:03:40 GMT Bryan Wilhite